{
  "name": "The cobra story and snake rewards in India: sources and how much was read",
  "desc": "The cobra story and snake rewards in India: sources and how much was read. A source ledger with one row per claim about one source: the claim, the source and year, the kind of source, the place it names, any figure it gives, the DOI and place in the source, and read_level, which records how much of each source was read: full text, abstract only, or citation only. Quoted values: figures in the quoted_value column are quoted from Edward Nicholson's Indian Snakes (1874) and Mark Twain's Following the Equator (1897), at the page or note in source_location. They are not covered by this site's CC BY 4.0 license; both books are in the public domain in the US. Rows read at citation level report only what a title or reference list says. The tag column gives a source status where one applies and is otherwise empty. Four sources described on the web page are left out: two because of non-commercial license terms, one because its reuse permission is limited in time, and one known only secondhand. Sources whose text is openly licensed: Della Sala 2022, Korteling et al. 2023, Rodriguez and Oppenheimer 2025 and Kelleher et al. 2025 (CC BY 4.0). License for this site's selection, arrangement and notes: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Checked 2026-11-06.",
  "lic": "CC BY 4.0",
  "lic_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "by": "Feedback & Forgetting",
  "url": "https://feedbackandforgetting.com/systems-loops/cobra-effect/",
  "from": [
    "Nicholson, E. (1874), Indian Snakes, Madras: Higginbotham, pp. 161-164 and Note D (public domain; scanned text of the Cornell University Library copy, Internet Archive item cu31924002874356)",
    "Twain, M. (1897), Following the Equator, Hartford: American Publishing Company, p. 547 (public domain; scanned text of the University of Toronto copy, Internet Archive item followingequator00twaiuoft)",
    "Crossref work record for Vann 2003 (bibliographic details only)",
    "Della Sala (2022), Dementia & Neuropsychologia 16(2): 129-134, doi:10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-V001, section The cobra effect and references 25 and 26 (CC BY 4.0)",
    "Korteling, Paradies & Sassen-van Meer (2023), Frontiers in Psychology 14: 1129835, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129835, section 4.6.1 and reference list (CC BY 4.0)",
    "Rodriguez & Oppenheimer (2025), PLOS One 20(4): e0322149, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322149, Introduction and reference 1 (CC BY 4.0)",
    "Kelleher et al. (2025), AEM Education and Training 9(2): e70006, doi:10.1002/aet2.70006, section Beware of the cobra effect and reference 5 (CC BY 4.0)",
    "Reference list of Olden et al. (2026), npj Biodiversity 5: 22, doi:10.1038/s44185-026-00132-x, reference 89 (bibliographic details of Lucas and Fuller 2018 only)"
  ],
  "how": "Compiled by Feedback & Forgetting from the data listed",
  "data_by": [
    "Nicholson, E. (1874). Indian Snakes: An Elementary Treatise on Ophiology. Madras: Higginbotham. Public domain.",
    "Twain, M. (1897). Following the Equator. Hartford, CT: American Publishing Company. Public domain.",
    "Della Sala, S. (2022). Dementia & Neuropsychologia 16(2): 129-134, doi:10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-V001, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)",
    "Korteling, J. E., Paradies, G. L., & Sassen-van Meer, J. P. (2023). Frontiers in Psychology 14: 1129835, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129835, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)",
    "Rodriguez, C., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2025). PLOS One 20(4): e0322149, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322149, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)",
    "Kelleher, M. E., et al. (2025). AEM Education and Training 9(2): e70006, doi:10.1002/aet2.70006, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)"
  ]
}