{
  "name": "Candle problem and functional fixedness: sources and what each supports, 1945–2024",
  "desc": "Candle problem sources and what each supports. One row per claim, with the study, the kind of evidence, how much of the source was read and any replication tag. Quoted values: figures in the quoted_value column are quoted from the publications in source_doi, at the table or page in source_location. Values from Ibáñez de Aldecoa, de Wit & Tebbich (2021) are from an article licensed CC BY 4.0; values from the abstract of Byron & Khazanchi (2012) are not covered by this site's CC BY 4.0 license, and the publisher's terms apply. Derived values: figures in derived_value were computed by Feedback & Forgetting from the inputs named in formula. Rows read as citation only carry no values and no tag; secondhand descriptions carry no tag. License for this site's selection, arrangement, notes and derived values: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). read_level records how much of each source was read: full text, abstract only, or citation only. Checked 2026-11-06.",
  "lic": "CC BY 4.0",
  "lic_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "by": "Feedback & Forgetting",
  "url": "https://feedbackandforgetting.com/creative-minds/candle-problem/",
  "from": [
    "Ibáñez de Aldecoa, de Wit & Tebbich (2021), Frontiers in Psychology, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683024, Materials and Methods, Results and Table 2 (CC BY 4.0)",
    "Abstract of Byron & Khazanchi (2012), Psychological Bulletin, doi:10.1037/a0027652",
    "Lyness et al. (2013), BMC Medical Education, doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-151 (CC BY 2.0); Ebel et al. (2024), Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-62685-w (CC BY 4.0); Osuna-Mascaró & Auersperg (2021) and Kroneisen et al. (2021) (CC BY 4.0)",
    "Crossref bibliographic records of Duncker (1945), Adamson (1952) and Glucksberg (1962)"
  ],
  "how": "Compiled by Feedback & Forgetting from the data listed",
  "data_by": [
    "Ibáñez de Aldecoa, P., de Wit, S., & Tebbich, S. (2021). Can habits impede creativity by inducing fixation? Frontiers in Psychology 12: 683024, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683024, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)",
    "Byron, K., & Khazanchi, S. (2012). Rewards and creative performance: A meta-analytic test of theoretically derived hypotheses. Psychological Bulletin 138(4), 809–830, doi:10.1037/a0027652 (abstract; quoted values, publisher's terms apply)",
    "Lyness, J. M., Lurie, S. J., Ward, D. S., Mooney, C. J., & Lambert, D. R. (2013). Engaging students and faculty. BMC Medical Education 13: 151, doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-151, CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/) (text; no values)",
    "Ebel, S. J., et al. (2024). Functional fixedness in chimpanzees. Scientific Reports 14: 12155, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-62685-w, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (text; one value)",
    "Osuna-Mascaró, A. J., & Auersperg, A. M. I. (2021). Current understanding of the “insight” phenomenon across disciplines. Frontiers in Psychology 12: 791398, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.791398, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (text; no values)",
    "Kroneisen, M., et al. (2021). How can I use it? The role of functional fixedness in the survival-processing paradigm. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 28(1), 324–332, doi:10.3758/s13423-020-01802-y, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (text; no values)",
    "Duncker (1945), doi:10.1037/h0093599; Adamson (1952), doi:10.1037/h0062487; Glucksberg (1962), doi:10.1037/h0044683 (citation records only; no values)"
  ]
}